Chemicals and Drugs

Phenobarbital

A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.

National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings2026

Structured Summary

Abstract

A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.

Chemical Identity

Chemical Information

Molecular Formula
C12H12N2O3
Molecular Weight
232.23 g/mol
CAS Registry No.
50-06-6
IUPAC Name
5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
InChIKey
DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
MeSH Unique ID
D010634
Source
PubChem CID 4763

MeSH Record

Classification

Broader headings

Narrower headings

Related Concepts

Knowledge Graph

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Drug Class

Pharmacological Action

MeSH Record

Synonyms

12 entry terms
  • Phenemal
  • Phenobarbitone
  • Phenylbarbital
  • Phenylethylbarbituric Acid
  • Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric
  • Gardenal
  • Hysteps
  • Luminal
  • Phenobarbital Sodium
  • Phenobarbital, Monosodium Salt
  • Monosodium Salt Phenobarbital
  • Sodium, Phenobarbital

MeSH Record

Aspects Covered

25 allowable subheadings

Indexed with the subheadings administration & dosage, adverse effects, agonists, analogs & derivatives, analysis, antagonists & inhibitors, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, chemical synthesis, chemistry, classification, economics, history, immunology, isolation & purification, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, poisoning, radiation effects, standards, supply & distribution, therapeutic use, toxicity, urine.

MeSH Hierarchy

Tree Number

  1. D03w.383.742.698.253w.650w

MeSH Record

NLM Classification

QV 88

AMA Style

References

  1. National Library of Medicine. Phenobarbital. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). 2026. Unique ID D010634. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2026/D010634
  2. Phenobarbital. In: Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenobarbital
  3. Phenobarbital. In: Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407241
  4. Phenobarbital. In: PubChem Compound. CID 4763. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4763