Diseases

Infantile Spasms

An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)

National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings2026

Structured Summary

Abstract

An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)

MeSH Record

Classification

Related Concepts

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MeSH Record

Synonyms

41 entry terms
  • Lightning Attacks
  • Spasms, Infantile
  • West Syndrome
  • Attack, Lightning
  • Attacks, Lightning
  • Infantile Spasm
  • Lightning Attack
  • Syndrome, West
  • Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms
  • Cryptogenic West Syndrome
  • Hypsarrhythmia
  • Jackknife Seizures
  • Nodding Spasm
  • Salaam Attacks
  • Salaam Seizures
  • Spasmus Nutans
  • Symptomatic Infantile Spasms
  • Symptomatic West Syndrome
  • Attacks, Salaam
  • Cryptogenic Infantile Spasm
  • Hypsarrhythmias
  • Infantile Spasm, Cryptogenic
  • Infantile Spasm, Symptomatic
  • Infantile Spasms, Cryptogenic
  • Infantile Spasms, Symptomatic
  • Jackknife Seizure
  • Nodding Spasms
  • Seizure, Jackknife
  • Seizures, Jackknife
  • Seizures, Salaam
  • Spasm, Cryptogenic Infantile
  • Spasm, Nodding
  • Spasm, Symptomatic Infantile
  • Spasms, Cryptogenic Infantile
  • Spasms, Nodding
  • Spasms, Symptomatic Infantile
  • Symptomatic Infantile Spasm
  • Syndrome, Cryptogenic West
  • Syndrome, Symptomatic West
  • West Syndrome, Cryptogenic
  • West Syndrome, Symptomatic

MeSH Record

Aspects Covered

35 allowable subheadings

Indexed with the subheadings blood, cerebrospinal fluid, chemically induced, classification, complications, congenital, diagnosis, diagnostic imaging, diet therapy, drug therapy, economics, embryology, enzymology, epidemiology, ethnology, etiology, genetics, history, immunology, metabolism, microbiology, mortality, nursing, parasitology, pathology, physiopathology, prevention & control, psychology, radiotherapy, rehabilitation, surgery, therapy, urine, veterinary, virology.

MeSH Record

Indexing Annotation

epileptic seizures only: do not confuse with SPASM + INFANT for non-epileptic seizures in infants

MeSH Record

History Note

1977(1963)

MeSH Record

Previous Indexing

  • Child, Preschool (1966-1976)
  • Convulsions (1966-1976)
  • Epilepsy (1966-1976)
  • Epilepsy, Petit Mal (1966-1976)
  • Infant (1966-1976)
  • Infant, Newborn (1966-1976)
  • Myoclonus (1966-1976)

MeSH Hierarchy

Tree Numbers

MeSH Record

NLM Classification

WS 430

AMA Style

References

  1. National Library of Medicine. Infantile Spasms. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). 2026. Unique ID D013036. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2026/D013036
  2. Infantile Spasms. In: Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18555095